Contains a blend of ingredients important for regulating glutamate activity, stress-reduction, metabolic health, and mitochondrial function*
N-acetyl-L-cysteine: Precursor to L-cysteine, which is required for the synthesis of glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant important for mediating oxidative stress [1,2].* L-cysteine modulates glutamate activity through activation of cystine/glutamate antiporters [3].
L-theanine: Amino acid that acts as a glutamate receptor antagonist [4].* Glutamatergic signaling underlies mechanisms related to anxiousness and stress [5]. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, L-theanine was shown to significantly reduce stress [6].*
Alpha-lipoic acid: Antioxidant that is able to regenerate endogenous antioxidants and scavenge free radicals [7].* Evidence suggests the insulin-signaling pathway is sensitive to redox status [7]. Alpha-lipoic acid can influence the redox status in cells important for the translocation of glucose transporters and increasing glucose uptake [7].*
References: [1] Rushworth G and Megson I. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;141(2):150-9. [2] Schmitt B, et al. Redox Biol. 2015;6:198-205. [3] Berk M, et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2013;34(3):167-77. [4] Kakuda T, et al. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2002;66(12):2683-6. [5] Bermudo-Soriano C, et al. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2012;100(4):752-74. [6] Kimura K, et al. Biol Psychol. 2007;74(1):39-45. [7] Rochette L, et al. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2015;93(12):1021-7.